Article 2 (Definitions)

The terms used in this Act shall be defined as follows. <Amended by Act No. 11691, Mar. 21, 2012; Act No. 11734, Mar. 23, 2013; Act No. 12344, Jan. 28, 2014; Act No. 12848, Nov. 19, 2014; Act No. 14665, Mar. 21, 2017; Act No. 14851, Jul. 26, 2017; Act No. 14992, Oct. 24, 2017; Act No. 15521, Mar. 27, 2018; Act No. 17368, May. 26, 2020; Act No. 17393, Jun. 9, 2020; Act No. 17799, Dec. 22, 2020; Act No. 18551, Oct. 19, 2021; Act No. 18716, Jan. 11, 2022; Act No. 19331, Apr. 18, 2023; Act No. 19775, Oct. 24, 2023; Act No. 20777, Dec. 30, 2025> 1. "Road" means a place falling under any of the following categories: a. A road pursuant to the 「Road Act」; b. A toll road pursuant to the 「Toll Road Act」; c. A rural road pursuant to the 「Rural Road Maintenance Act」; d. Any other place that is open for use by an unspecified number of people or vehicles (車馬), and where it is necessary to ensure safe and smooth traffic. 2. "Limited-access road" means a road constructed for the exclusive use of motor vehicles. 3. "Expressway" means a road designated solely for high-speed operation of motor vehicles. 4. "Carriageway" (車道) means a portion of a road constructed to be open for the passage of all vehicles, with its boundaries marked by curbs (lines formed by stones or similar structures separating a carriageway from a sidewalk; hereinafter the same shall apply), traffic signs, or similar artificial structures. 5. "Center line" means a line marked on the road with traffic signs such as a solid yellow line or a broken yellow line to clearly distinguish the direction of travel for vehicles, or a facility such as a median barrier or a fence. Provided, that where a reversible lane (可變車路) is installed pursuant to the latter part of Article 14 (1), it means the broken yellow line on the left-most side of the direction of travel indicated by a traffic signal. 6. "Lane" means a portion of a carriageway demarcated by lane markings to separate lanes for vehicles to travel in a single file. 7. "Lane marking" means a line indicating the boundary between lanes, used to separate lanes. 7-2. "Tram lane" means a road or lane pursuant to the categories in Article 18-2 (1) of the 「Urban Railway Act」, installed with tracks on a road and with its boundaries marked by traffic signs or artificial structures. 8. "Bicycle lane" means a road pursuant to the categories in Article 3 of the 「Act on the Promotion of Bicycle Use」, installed with its boundaries marked by traffic signs, protective fences, or similar artificial structures, to allow bicycles and personal mobility devices to travel. 9. "Bicycle crossing" means a portion of a road marked by traffic signs to allow bicycles and personal mobility devices to cross a general road. 10. "Sidewalk" (步道) means a portion of a road, with its boundaries marked by curbs, traffic signs, or similar artificial structures, to allow pedestrians (including persons using strollers, walking aids, walkers for the elderly, and outdoor mobile robots pursuant to item 21-3, and other devices/equipment prescribed by ordinance of the Ministry of the Interior and Safety; hereinafter the same shall apply) to travel. 11. "Roadside zone" means the edge portion of a road where pedestrians' safety is ensured by marking its boundaries with traffic signs or similar markings, in roads where sidewalks and carriageways are not separated. 12. "Pedestrian crossing" means a portion of a road marked by traffic signs to allow pedestrians to cross the road. 13. "Intersection" means a place where two or more roads (in the case of roads where sidewalks and carriageways are separated, it refers to the carriageways) intersect, such as a cross-shaped or T-shaped intersection. 13-2. "Roundabout" means a type of intersection where vehicles travel counterclockwise around a central traffic island (a facility in the shape of an island installed at intersections or road divergences to ensure safe and smooth traffic flow for vehicles or safe pedestrian crossings). 14. "Safety zone" means a portion of a road marked by traffic signs or similar artificial structures for the safety of pedestrians crossing the road or vehicles passing through. 15. "Traffic signal" means a device operated by human or electric power to display signals such as go, stop, turn, or caution, using characters, symbols, or lights in traffic. 16. "Traffic sign" means a sign indicating caution, regulation, or direction necessary for traffic safety, or symbols, characters, or lines marked on the road surface. 17. "Vehicle" (車馬) means the vehicles listed in the following categories and livestock used for transportation: a. "Vehicle" means any of the following: 1) Motor vehicle; 2) Construction machinery; 3) Motorized bicycle; 4) Bicycle; 5) A device operated on a road by the power of a person or livestock, or by other motive power. Provided, that this excludes devices operated by rails or overhead lines, strollers, walking aids for the elderly, walkers for the elderly, and devices/equipment prescribed by ordinance of the Ministry of the Interior and Safety such as outdoor mobile robots pursuant to item 21-3. b. "Livestock" means livestock used for traffic or transport. 17-2. "Tram" means a vehicle that operates on a road using tracks, pursuant to Article 2 (2) of the 「Urban Railway Act」. 18. "Motor vehicle" means a vehicle operated by a motor, without using rails or overhead lines (including towed motor vehicles as part of a motor vehicle), and includes the vehicles in the following categories: a. Motor vehicles pursuant to Article 3 of the 「Automobile Management Act」. Provided, that motorized bicycles are excluded. 1) Passenger cars; 2) Buses; 3) Cargo vehicles; 4) Special purpose vehicles; 5) Motorcycles. b. Construction machinery pursuant to the proviso of Article 26 (1) of the 「Construction Machinery Management Act」. 18-2. "Autonomous driving system" means an autonomous driving system pursuant to Article 2 (1) 2 of the 「Act on Promotion and Support for Commercialization of Autonomous Driving Vehicles」. In this case, its types may be subdivided according to ordinances of the Ministry of the Interior and Safety, such as fully autonomous driving systems and partially autonomous driving systems. 18-3. "Autonomous driving vehicle" means an autonomous driving vehicle pursuant to Article 2 (1) 3 of the 「Automobile Management Act」, which is equipped with an autonomous driving system. 19. "Motorized bicycle" means a vehicle falling under any of the following categories: a. Two-wheeled vehicles with a displacement of 125cc or less (or a rated maximum output of 11 kilowatts or less if powered by electricity) among two-wheeled vehicles pursuant to Article 3 of the 「Automobile Management Act」; b. Other vehicles equipped with a motor with a displacement of 125cc or less (or a rated maximum output of 11 kilowatts or less if powered by electricity). Provided, that electric bicycles pursuant to Article 2 (1) 2 of the 「Act on the Promotion of Bicycle Use」 and outdoor mobile robots pursuant to item 21-3 are excluded. 19-2. "Personal mobility device" means a motorized bicycle pursuant to item 19 (b) that does not operate its electric motor when traveling at 25 kilometers per hour or more, has a vehicle weight of less than 30 kilograms, and is prescribed by ordinance of the Ministry of the Interior and Safety. 20. "Bicycle" means a bicycle and an electric bicycle pursuant to Articles 2 (1) and (1)-2 of the 「Act on the Promotion of Bicycle Use」. 21. "Motor vehicles, etc." means motor vehicles and motorized bicycles. 21-2. "Bicycles, etc." means bicycles and personal mobility devices. 21-3. "Outdoor mobile robot" means an intelligent robot pursuant to Article 2 (1) of the 「Act on Promotion and Support for Development and Distribution of Intelligent Robots」, as prescribed by ordinance of the Ministry of the Interior and Safety. 22. "Emergency vehicle" means a vehicle falling under any of the following categories, which is being used for its original emergency purpose: a. Fire engine; b. Ambulance; c. Blood transport vehicle; d. Other vehicles prescribed by Presidential Decree. 23. "Child transport bus" means a vehicle used for the transportation of children (persons under 13 years of age; hereinafter the same shall apply) for educational purposes at facilities falling under any of the following categories, and a transport vehicle that operates for passengers who are children with a limited license for passenger transport business pursuant to Article 4 (3) of the 「Passenger Transport Service Act」: a. Kindergartens and early childhood education promotion institutes under the 「Early Childhood Education Act」; elementary schools, special schools, alternative schools, and foreign schools under the 「Elementary and Secondary Education Act」; b. Childcare centers under the 「Infant Care Act」; c. Academies and tutoring centers established under the 「Act on the Establishment and Operation of Academies and Tutoring Classes」; d. Sports facilities established under the 「Act on the Installation and Use of Sports Facilities」; e. Child welfare facilities under the 「Child Welfare Act」 (excluding child protection agencies); f. Youth training facilities under the 「Youth Activities Promotion Act」; g. Welfare facilities for persons with disabilities under the 「Welfare of Persons with Disabilities Act」 (excluding vocational rehabilitation facilities for persons with disabilities); h. Public libraries under the 「Library Act」; i. Provincial and municipal lifelong education promotion centers and city/county lifelong learning centers under the 「Lifelong Education Act」; j. Social welfare facilities and social welfare centers under the 「Social Welfare Services Act」. 24. "Parking" means the act of a driver stopping a vehicle and remaining stationary for reasons such as waiting for passengers, loading or unloading cargo, vehicle breakdown, or any other reason, or the act of a driver leaving the vehicle and being unable to drive it immediately. 25. "Stopping" means stopping a vehicle for not more than 5 minutes, other than parking. 26. "Driving" means operating a vehicle or tram on a road (or in places other than roads, in cases of Article 27 (6) 3, Articles 44, 45, 54 (1), 148, 148-2, and 156 (10)) in accordance with its intended use (including operating by control or autonomous driving system). 27. "Novice driver" means a person who has not passed two years since the date of obtaining their first driver's license. Provided, that if a person whose driver's license was revoked within two years of obtaining it later obtains a driver's license again, the date of the subsequent driver's license issuance shall be considered the date of first obtaining a driver's license. In this case, if a person who only obtained a license for a motorized bicycle later obtains another type of driver's license, it shall be considered the first instance of obtaining a driver's license. 28. "Slow movement" (徐行) means proceeding at a speed slow enough for a driver to stop the vehicle or tram immediately. 29. "Overtaking" means the act of a driver passing another vehicle ahead and moving in front of it. 30. "Temporary stop" means the act of a driver of a vehicle or tram bringing the wheels of that vehicle or tram to a complete stop temporarily. 31. "Pedestrian-only road" means a road marked by traffic signs or similar artificial structures for pedestrian use only. 31-2. "Pedestrian priority road" means a pedestrian priority road pursuant to Article 2 (3) of the 「Act on Promotion of Pedestrian Safety and Convenience」. 32. "Driving school" means a facility that provides education on the knowledge and skills of driving motor vehicles, etc., excluding the following facilities: a. Facilities established by schools under educational laws and regulations for the training of their students and faculty; b. Facilities at workplaces, etc., for the training of their employees; c. Simulated driving practice facilities using computer systems; d. Facilities established by local governments, etc., for the driving education of persons with disabilities, recognized by the Provincial/Metropolitan Police Agency; e. Facilities that provide driving education without receiving payment; f. Facilities that provide driving education in places other than roads to allow licensed drivers to experience various driving experiences. 33. "Exemplary driver" means a person selected and engaged in traffic safety volunteer activities in accordance with the standards set by the Commissioner of the National Police Agency, who has received an award for an accident-free record or for distinguished service pursuant to Article 146, or who has at least two years of experience driving commercial vehicles without a record of causing a traffic accident. 34. "Breathalyzer interlock device" means a device that prevents a motor vehicle, etc., from starting if the driver is under the influence of alcohol, as prescribed by ordinance of the Ministry of the Interior and Safety. 35. "Narcotics" means substances falling under any of the following categories: a. Narcotics, psychotropic substances, and cannabis under Article 2 (1) of the 「Act on the Management of Narcotics, etc.」; b. Hallucinogenic substances under Article 22 (1) of the 「Chemicals Control Act」.